Solar Panel Installation: Step‑by‑Step (Home & DIY)
Disclosure: This guide contains affiliate links. We may earn a commission if you purchase through these links, at no extra cost to you.
We test solar panels, power stations, and DIY kits in real-world conditions and share practical, step-by-step guidance.
Plan & Permits
Start with a load analysis and roof assessment. Gather structural info, layout drawings, and product datasheets for permitting. Many AHJs (authorities having jurisdiction) require a one‑line diagram and racking engineering letters. If you’re not comfortable with code, hire a licensed installer—especially for grid‑tied interconnections.
Racking & Mounting
Use flashed roof attachments into rafters, not just sheathing. Follow torque specs. Keep consistent row spacing for airflow and maintenance access. On ground mounts, anchor posts below frost depth and check wind/snow load requirements.
Wiring & Safety
- Use UV‑rated PV wire with proper MC4 connectors.
- Fuse strings as required; add a properly rated DC disconnect.
- Route cables neatly; avoid sharp bends and abrasion points.
- Label everything—arrays, combiner, DC/AC disconnect, inverter.
Commissioning & Inspection
Verify polarity, insulation resistance, and open‑circuit voltage. Check inverter settings, update firmware, and confirm monitoring. Keep a binder (or digital folder) with manuals, datasheets, permits, and a photo log for inspectors.
Tools & Recommended Products
| Tool | Purpose | Link |
|---|---|---|
| Renogy 100W Kit | Practice/Training array | Buy on Amazon |
| Jackery Explorer 1000 Pro | Portable power for jobsite & RV | Buy on Amazon |
| Klein Cleaning Kit | Safe panel cleaning | Buy on Amazon |
FAQs
Do I need a permit?
Grid‑tied systems generally require permits and utility interconnection approval. Off‑grid systems vary by location.
What about roof warranties?
Use flashed mounts and follow manufacturer guidelines; many roof warranties remain valid when installed correctly.
How long does install take?
DIY ground mount kits can be done in a weekend; rooftop grid‑tie jobs typically span multiple days with inspections.